With the aim of preparing the next report “The State of the World's Children”, which should be published in early 2023, a meeting was held in Florence on June 8 - 11. Professor Aluísio Barros, representing the International Center for Equity in Health, joined representatives from UNICEF partner institutions such as Gavi, the Gates Foundation and AMREF Health Africa to discuss how to investigate challenges in childhood immunization and develop actionable responses and increasing equitable and sustainable use of vaccines.